ASCII codes (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) as they are seen under english Windows, and on second picture - russian Windows console:

ASCII codes to remember:
#10#13 ASCII code that indicates a new line
#8 ASCII code of backspace character
#27 ESCape ascii
#65 A ASCII character code
#160 a ASCII character code
#32 space character's code
#7 bell ASCII code (computer beeps when trying to print that character)

We very recommend you remembering ascii "a" and "A" character code, as it's most oftenly needed.

ASCII Control Codes:

0. NUL (null)
1. SOH (start of heading)
2. STX (start of text)
3. ETX (end of text)
4. EOT (end of transmission) - Not the same as ETB
5. ENQ (enquiry)
6. ACK (acknowledge)
7. BEL (bell) - Caused teletype machines to ring a bell. Causes a beep in many common terminals and terminal emulation programs.
8. BS (backspace) - Moves the cursor (or print head) move backwards (left) one space.
9. TAB (horizontal tab) - Moves the cursor (or print head) right to the next tab stop. The spacing of tab stops is dependent on the output device, but is often either 8 or 10.
10. LF (NL line feed, new line) - Moves the cursor (or print head) to a new line. On Unix systems, moves to a new line AND all the way to the left.
11. VT (vertical tab)
12. FF (form feed) - Advances paper to the top of the next page (if the output device is a printer).
13. CR (carriage return) - Moves the cursor all the way to the left, but does not advance to the next line.
14. SO (shift out) - Switches output device to alternate character set.
15. SI (shift in) - Switches output device back to default character set.
16. DLE (data link escape)
17. DC1 (device control 1)
18. DC2 (device control 2)
19. DC3 (device control 3)
20. DC4 (device control 4)
21. NAK (negative acknowledge)
22. SYN (synchronous idle)
23. ETB (end of transmission block) - Not the same as EOT
24. CAN (cancel)
25. EM (end of medium)
26. SUB (substitute)
27. ESC (escape)
28. FS (file separator)
29. GS (group separator)
30. RS (record separator)
31. US (unit separator)

Brief

  American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) [æski] - is a character encoding based on English alphabet. Work on ASCII started in 60s with the most recent update in 1986. The ASCII character encoding - or a compatible extension - is used on nearly all common computers, especially personal computers and workstations. At the start encoding was 7-bit (had 128 characters) but with time it was extended to 8-bits (256 characters). ASCII's second part (characters 127-255) is now bound to language. That's why you can see a difference between ASCII characters in english and russian ascii code as shown.

HOW to enter ascii characters by code in browser, notepad, or console?

  You can do that by holding ALT key and inputting code of the character you want on the NumPad at the same time.  Example: Hold ALT key and press (while holding ALT) next buttons on the NumPad of your keyboard (but enable Num Lock first) 1 then 6 then 9. You have inputted character '©'.

Lowcase word ASCII character set: ASCII Code 97 a ASCII Code 98 b ASCII Code 99 c ASCII Code 100 d ASCII Code 101 e ASCII Code 102 f ASCII Code 103 g ASCII Code 104 h ASCII Code  105  i ASCII Code 106 j ASCII Code 107 k ASCII Code 108 l ASCII Code 109 m ASCII Code 110 n ASCII Code 111 o ASCII Code 112 p ASCII Code 113 q ASCII Code 114 r ASCII Code 115 s ASCII Code 116 t ASCII Code 117 u ASCII Code 118 v ASCII Code 119 w ASCII Code 120 x ASCII Code 121    y    122 z

Upcase word ASCII character set: 65 A 66 B 67 C 68 D 69 E 70 F 71 G 72 H 73 I 74 J 75 K 76 L 77 M 78 N 79 O 80 P 81 Q 82 R 83 S 84 T 85 U 86 V 87 W 88 X    89    Y  90  Z